CU e-Journals

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine (TJVM)

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine (เวชชสารสัตวแพทย์) publishes articles reporting interdisciplinary investigations concerning veterinary and animal sciences, at all levels of resolution, from basic to clinical, molecular to behavioral, and opinions that are of general interest to the broad community of veterinarians and biological scientists. Clinical or pathological investigations, protocols and reviews will also be considered for publication if they provide significant insight into the structure or function, the pathophysiology of a disease, or its treatment.

Current Issue

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine (TJVM)
Volume: 52, Issue: 4 (December 2022)

	Appraisal of ATP1B1 and GSTM3 proteins as freezability factors in buffalo ejaculated spermatozoa
	Marvin Bryan Segundo Salinas, Thuchadaporn Chaikhun-Marcou, Phongsakorn Chuammitri, Anucha Sathanawongs
	Page: 693 - 646
	[Abstract] [PDF] Sperm cryopreservation intensifies the use of assisted reproductive technologies in food animals. However, variations in freezability confront frozen-thawed semen applications. Hence, this groundwork aimed to identify the fundamental differences between high (HF) and low freezability (LF) ejaculated spermatozoa in swamp buffaloes, which were limitedly described for this agricultural species. Twelve (12) different samples of bubaline semen were collected, cryopreserved and categorized into freezability phenotypes using post-thaw sperm motility as the basis. Sperm kinematics and functional plasma membrane integrity were evaluated in HF and LF samples using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and hypo-osmotic swelling test, respectively. The relative concentrations of some selected sperm proteins namely ATPase subunit beta 1 (ATP1B1) and glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (GSTM3) were also comparatively quantified using dot blot and image processing analyses. The results revealed that all CASA parameters except wobble and straightness were significantly higher in HF than LF cluster (P<0.05). Moreover, HF spermatozoa also exhibited more intact plasma membranes under a hypo-osmotic state than the LF group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the abundance of ATP1B1 and GSTM3 proteins among freezability phenotypes, suggesting that other proteins related to energy production and oxidative stress protection influence bubaline ejaculated sperm cryoresilience. Nevertheless, these findings reaffirmed the existence of variabilities in sperm cryopreservation outcomes in buffaloes and established the key differences between HF and LF bubaline ejaculated spermatozoa in terms of motility, kinematics and plasma membrane integrity.

	Impaired cytokines gene expression by diazinon and its relation with blood chemistry and oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
	Mahmoud El Sebaei, Mohammad Shathele, Sabry Mohamed El-Bahr
	Page: 647 - 656
	[Abstract] [PDF] Diazinon (DZN) is a promising broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide. There is no evidence to support the hypothesis that DZN alters cytokine gene expression and that these modifications have an immediate impact on the histopathology, blood chemistry and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Therefore, 225 fish were divided into one control group and four treatment groups (45 fish/group; 3 replicates/group; 15 fish/ replicate). Fish in the control group were supplied with water free of DZN. Fish in the treatment groups (T1-T4) were intoxicated with DZN at 0.28 mg/L for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. Activities of AST and ALT and the concentrations of uric acid, creatinine and MDA increased significantly in the serum of DZN treated fish compared to the control. Protein parameters, GSH concentration and activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased significantly in the serum of DZN treated fish. DZN intoxication induced an elevation in MDA concentration and a reduction in GSH concentration and activities of CAT and GPX enzymes in the liver and kidney tissues of DZN treated fish. DZN intoxication induced a significant elevation in gene expression levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β accompanied by a significant reduction in IL-10 gene expression levels in the liver and kidney tissues of DZN treated fish. The histopathological changes in DZN intoxicated fish were in the form of necrosis and degeneration of hepatocytes as well as desquamation and vacuolation of renal epithelium. Conclusively, DZN intoxicated Nile Tilapia exhibited oxidative damage, reduced cytokine gene expression and hepatorenal necrosis, which was intensified with the length of fish exposure to DZN.

	Multiplex SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assays for the improved detection of viral pathogens in horses: equine infectious anemia, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses
	Sunutcha Suntrarachun, Surasak Akesowan, Suchitra Khunsup
	Page: 657 - 667
	[Abstract] [PDF] Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are mosquito-borne viruses that are of great concern for the equine industry worldwide. These viruses produce similar clinical signs and veterinarians need to be able to differentiate between them quickly. In this study, multiplex known as duplex and triplex SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assays were developed to detect these three viruses and to discriminate between them based on differences in the melting temperatures (Tm) of their amplification products. Three melting peaks, generated simultaneously at temperatures of 78.5±0.5°C, 83.5±0.5°C and 85.0±1.0°C, indicated the presence of EIAV, JEV and WNV, respectively. The optimal melting rate for duplex was 0.5°C/sec and a slower rate of 0.1°C/sec for triplex to improve resolution of the melting temperature. The optimal combinations of primers for multiplex were 600 or 900 nM for EIAV and WNV and 300 or 600 nM for JEV detection. The assays all demonstrated high sensitivities, ranging from 3.29X10-2 to 3.29X106copies/μl which was similar to those obtained based on agarose gel analysis of the RT-PCR products. No cross-reaction was observed with the other closely related viruses, which indicated a high specificity of these assays. Less than 0.5% of the coefficient of variation (CV) of intra-specific assay and inter-specific assay were considered acceptable to generate reproducible results. These results indicated that the multiplex, duplex and triplex, SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR assays described in this paper could be used for the detection of EIAV, WNV and JEV and would provide a valuable addition to the methods currently available for the routine diagnosis and surveillance of these zoonoses which are listed by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) as important for international trade.

	Effect of lameness on daily milk yield in dairy cow
	Piyanat Prasomsri
	Page: 679 - 687
	[Abstract] [PDF] Being aware of the impact of lameness on milk production is necessary to encourage farmers to pay more attention to this issue. Therefore, we need evidence that presents the production loss due to lameness. This can be applied to make the farmers realize the importance of lameness. This study aims to examine the impact of lameness on daily milk yield based on data obtained from cow level in a large dairy farm with 2 units in Thailand. The crossbred Holstein Friesian cows were evaluated for the degree of lameness by locomotion score (LS) monthly for 8 consecutive months. Cows were separated into non-lameness (LS1), subclinical lameness (LS2-3) and clinical lameness (LS4-5). The cows' data which included lactation number, days in milk, lameness, mastitis, metritis, other medical records and milk production in kg/day/cow was collected by Dairy Champ software. The data analysis was performed by univariable analysis at P<0.1 without correlation with other variables more than 30% and multivariable analysis was performed simultaneously. Variables associated with daily milk yield were examined for interaction at P<0.05. The predictability of the equation was examined. 305 days of milk production was simulated by using Monte-Carlo technique. The 856 data sets from 184 cows were recorded for daily milk yield and LS. The non-lameness, subclinical and clinical lameness groups were 49.6, 43.7 and 6.7%, respectively. The average of 305 days milk yield of the non-lameness group in unit 1 and 2 was 6,426.9 ± 1,544.8 and 4,651.6 ± 1,420.1 kg, respectively. The simulation data showed a decrease in 305 days of milk yield (1,266.2 ± 467.5 kg) in cows where lameness occurred throughout the 1st lactation when compared with a healthy cow. The clinical and subclinical lameness in the first three months of the lactation period reduced the daily milk yield by 1.2 ± 0.5 and 0.2 ± 0.6 kg, respectively. In addition, the occurrence of clinical and subclinical lameness with clinical mastitis reduced the daily milk yield by 1.6 ± 0.9 and 0.5 ± 1.0 kg, respectively. This study showed evidence of milk loss caused by lameness. This can motivate farmers to take action on lameness and preventive measures should be planned to reduce the production loss in the farm.

	Unravelling the productivity rate of selective media for Brucella strains
	Mustafa Sencer Karagul, Serkan Ikiz
	Page: 689 - 697
	[Abstract] [PDF] The aim of this study is to reveal the productivity rate of selective media for Brucella strains. Brucella selective media namely Farrell's medium, CITA, Modified Thayer-Martin, Jones-Morgan medium and one additional medium including erythritol and antibiotics were compared within the scope of productivity rate and colony growth in time. The comparison was carried out using 14 strains including Brucella abortus biovars, S19 vaccine strain, Brucella suis biovars and Brucella ovis. Erythritol addition showed a positive effect on colony growth in time. In addition to differences between the productivity rates of the media; there was also some variation in the colony size in time among different media. Modified Thayer Martin medium presents the highest productivity rate for the majority of the strains used. Achieving successful isolation depends on the productivity rate and medium's capacity for inhibiting the contaminant microorganism. The data related to both productivity rate and colony size growth could be beneficial to increasing isolation chance through the selection of the most appropriate medium depending on the target Brucella species and biovar in the sample.

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